f-stop is another name for aperture or f number. It is a number that describes how much light the lens is allowing into the camera. Large f numbers represent small apertures and vice versa.
Aperture sizes are described as “f-stops” or “f numbers”. Larger f numbers describe smaller apertures and vice versa. So f/1.4 (f-stop 1.4) would be a very large aperture that lets in lots of light. f/22 would be a small aperture that lets in only a little light. This would probably cause the camera to choose a longer shutter speed.
Most point and shoot and SLR cameras have automatic aperture selection but many of the more expensive cameras also have special modes that allow the photographer to choose the aperture they want. In this way the photographer can control depth-of-field in the picture.